SFM Compile: The Complete Guide to Compiling Models, Textures, Animations, and Maps in Source Filmmaker

Introduction

Source Filmmaker (SFM) is a powerful tool created by Valve that allows users to create animated movies using assets from the Source engine. However, to use custom assets such as models, textures, animations, and maps, these files must be compiled into formats compatible with SFM.

The process of SFM Compile​ involves using various tools and scripts to convert raw assets into engine-ready files. Without proper compilation, SFM will not be able to recognize or use these assets.

This in-depth guide will cover everything related to SFM compiling, including:

• Compiling models (.MDL files)
• Compiling textures (.VTF and .VMT files)
• Compiling animations (.ANI files)
• Compiling maps (.BSP files)
• Troubleshooting common SFM compile errors

By the end of this guide, you will have a clear understanding of how to prepare and compile assets for SFM effectively.

Understanding the SFM Compile Process

What is SFM Compilation?

Compiling in Source Filmmaker is the process of converting raw asset files (such as .SMD, .TGA, or .VMF) into Source-compatible formats that SFM can read. This process involves several tools and steps, depending on the type of asset you are compiling.

The compilation process is required because SFM does not support raw model or texture files. Instead, it requires compiled formats such as:

• .MDL (for models)
• .VTF and .VMT (for textures)
• .ANI (for animations)
• .BSP (for maps)

Each of these assets must be compiled correctly, or they will not load in SFM.

Compiling Models for SFM

Step 1: Preparing the Model in a 3D Software

Before compiling, you need to prepare your model in Blender, Maya, or 3ds Max. This involves:

✅ Ensuring correct model structure – Naming conventions should follow a proper hierarchy (e.g., bones, mesh, and materials).
✅ Applying transformations – Make sure the model is correctly oriented and scaled.
✅ Triangulating the model – Convert all polygons to triangles before exporting.

Step 2: Exporting to the Correct Format

Once your model is ready, SFM Compile export it as an SMD or DMX file.

• SMD (Studio Model Data) – More common format, but does not support advanced features like shape keys.
• DMX (Data Model eXchange) – Supports shape keys and advanced animations but is less commonly used.

Step 3: Writing a QC File

A QC (QuakeC) file is required for compiling the model. It defines how the model should be processed, including materials, hitboxes, and physics.

Here is a basic QC file:

qcCopyEdit$modelname “my_model/my_character.mdl”

$cdmaterials “models/my_model/”

$body “Body” “my_character.smd”

$sequence “idle” “idle.smd” fps 30

$collisionmodel “my_character_phys.smd”

{

    $mass 10

    $damping 0.5

}

Step 4: Using Crowbar to Compile the Model

Crowbar is a popular tool used to compile models for SFM Compile.

How to Compile with Crowbar:

1. Download and install Crowbar.
2. Open Crowbar and load your QC file.
3. Set the output folder to SFM’s usermod/models/ directory.
4. Click “Compile” and check for errors.

If successful, the model will be converted into .MDL format and placed in SFM’s models directory.

Compiling Textures for SFM Compile

Step 1: Converting Images to VTF Format

SFM does not use standard image formats like PNG or JPG. Instead, textures must be compiled into Valve Texture Format (VTF).

How to Convert Textures to VTF:

1. Download and install VTFEdit.
2. Open the texture file (PNG, TGA, BMP).
3. Adjust compression settings (DXT5 for transparency).
4. Save as a .VTF file inside the materials/models/my_model/ directory.

Step 2: Creating a VMT File

A VMT (Valve Material) file tells SFM how to use the texture.

Example VMT file:

vmtCopyEdit”VertexLitGeneric”

{

    “$basetexture” “models/my_model/my_texture”

    “$normalmapalphaenvmapmask” “1”

    “$phong” “1”

}

The VMT file must be placed in the same directory as the VTF file for SFM to detect it.

Compiling Animations for SFM

Step 1: Exporting Animations from a 3D Software

Animations for SFM Compile need to be exported as SMD or DMX files, similar to models.

• Ensure correct bone structure – SFM requires a proper skeleton.
• Export each animation separately – Idle, walk, run, etc.

Step 2: Updating the QC File for Animation Sequences

To add animations, modify the QC file as follows:

qcCopyEdit$sequence “idle” “idle.smd” fps 30 loop

$sequence “walk” “walk.smd” fps 30

$sequence “run” “run.smd” fps 30

Step 3: Compiling the Animation

Compile using Crowbar or studiomdl.exe, and the animation will be added to the model.

Compiling Maps for SFM Compile

Step 1: Creating the Map in Hammer Editor

1. Open Hammer Editor.
2. Build the map using brushes and props.
3. Save the map as a .VMF file.

Step 2: Compiling to BSP Format

Use the VBSP, VVIS, and VRAD tools to compile the map into a playable .BSP file.

1. VBSP – Converts raw geometry into a basic map.
2. VVIS – Processes visibility optimization.
3. VRAD – Applies lighting and shadows.

Once compiled, move the .BSP file to SFM’s usermod/maps/ directory.

Troubleshooting Common SFM Compile Errors

1. “Too Many Vertexes” Error

✅ Fix: Reduce the polygon count in your 3D modeling software.

2. “Material Not Found” Error

✅ Fix: Ensure the VMT file is correctly linked in the QC script.

3. “QC Compile Failed”

✅ Fix: Check for incorrect paths or missing SMD files in the QC file.

4. “Texture Appears Purple and Black”

✅ Fix: Verify the VTF and VMT files are in the correct folder.

Conclusion

Compiling assets for SFM Compile is an essential skill for anyone creating custom content. Whether you are working with models, textures, animations, or maps, proper compilation ensures smooth integration into SFM.

By following this guide, you can avoid common pitfalls and successfully compile your assets for Source Filmmaker.